Correlations in electrically coupled chaotic lasers.

We show how two electrically coupled semiconductor lasers having optical feedback can present simultaneous antiphase correlated fast power fluctuations, and strong in-phase synchronized spikes of chaotic power drops. This quite counterintuitive phenomenon is demonstrated experimentally and confirmed by numerical solutions of a deterministic dynamical system of rate equations. The occurrence of negative and positive cross correlation between parts of a complex system according to time scales, as proved in our simple arrangement, is relevant for the understanding and characterization of collective properties in complex networks.

Extreme events in chaotic lasers with modulated parameter.

We study a theoretical model describing a laser with a modulated parameter, concentrating on the appearance of extreme events, also called optical rogue pulses. It is shown that two conditions are required for the appearance of such events in this type of nonlinear system: the existence of generalized multi-stability and the collisions of chaotic attractors with unstable orbits in external crisis, expanding the attractor to visit new regions in phase space.

Biological efficacy and absorption of DL-methionine hydroxy analogue free acid compared to DL-methionine in chickens as affected by heat stress.

1. The net absorption and the biological efficacy of DL-methionine and of DL-methionine hydroxy analogue free acid (MHA-FA) were evaluated in chickens under heat stress. 2. In a growth assay, finishing broilers 21 to 42 d of age were fed on diets containing graded amounts of the two supplements; the basal diet was composed of practical ingredients. 3. From slope-ratio analysis, equimolar efficacy of MHA-FA relative to DL-methionine was determined to be 83% (confidence limits 61 to 115%) from weight gain responses, and 67% (47 to 91%) from food conversion responses. This indicates that the relative efficacy of MHA-FA is close to previous estimates of about 75% obtained under thermoneutral conditions. 4. In a balance study with caecectomised cockerels, net absorption (intake - excretion in faeces and urine) of DL-methionine and of MHA-FA, respectively, were determined to be 97.2 and 90.8%. The net absorption of MHA-FA was significantly lower than that of DL-methionine.